Ankle Ligament Sprain

 

What is it?

Ligaments are taut collagenous bands which cross from bone to bone in order to give joints their stability. There are many ligaments around the ankle but it is those on the outside of the ankle which are most commonly injured. Usually they are damaged when a person turns their ankle over when changing direction or stumbling forwards. There are varying degrees of ankle sprain depending on the severity of the injury. Symptoms include immediate pain and swelling over the site of injury, and significant bruising can often be seen. Often people find it very difficult to put weight through their ankle when attempting to walk but this is not always the case. In severe cases it is usual to have an x-ray to exclude the possibility of a fracture.

Causes

Acute injuries occur randomly as freak incidents but some factors can increase the risk of them occurring. Playing sport on an uneven surface, wearing inappropriate footwear, a history of previous ankle sprains and poor balance can increase the likelihood of ankle sprains. Previous ankle sprains can put you at an increased risk of suffering a recurrence because the receptors in the joints, muscles and ligaments, which are responsible for good ankle stability, become damaged. Early referral to a physiotherapist can limit further damage and reduce the risk of similar injuries in the future.

Treatment

Following a thorough examination and assessment of the presenting problem, advice and treatment may include the following:

•  Initially PRICE principles are followed as soon as possible after the injury:

   

          Protection – Strapping or ankle brace

          Rest – from aggravating activities

          Ice – to reduce swelling and pain

          Compression – to reduce swelling and offer suppor

          Elevation – to aid swelling reduction

 

• Electrotherapy to reduce pain and promote healing

• Acupuncture for pain relief and to control inflammation

• Following the initial 24-48 hrs, depending on the severity of the injury, soft tissue massage and mobilization can commence

• Gradual return to normal walking through gait reeducation

• Rehabilitation to restore full power, movement, proprioception and function tailored to the specific needs of the individual